7th Global Conference
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Monday 5th May - Wednesday 7th May 2008
Budapest, Hungary
Conference Programme, Abstracts & Papers
Session 5a: Sex, Sexuality and Violence
Chair: Rachel I. Waterstradt
How Does Mothers' Sexual Abuse Trauma Beget Trauma in Daughters?
The Constellation of Mother Complex
Neringa
Grigutyte
Department of Clinical and Organizational Psychology,
Vilnius University,
Lithuania
Sexual abuse trauma causes immediate as well as long-term consequences. Not all the victims experience the same outcomes, or they differ in the duration and intensity. Though the researches have settled a range of psychological and behavioural consequences of sexual abuse trauma, there is still a lack of aetiology and theoretical background. From all the sexual abuse aspects which are vaguely explained by scientists, we take interest in repetition of experience of sexual abuse over generations. The findings show that mothers of sexually abused children often have been sexually assaulted themselves. Relations with mother are very important for girls to disclose and survive sexual abuse trauma. Mother’s reactions to children’s disclosure are influenced by their own trauma. This article is based on the ground of C.G. Jung analytical psychology theory and on the assumptions that (1) sexual abuse experience has its deep predisposition and (2) the repetition of trauma is related with unstable inner relations. Jung brought in use the term of Mother Complex, which is one of the person’s deep structures developing from interaction with mother, representing basic affective attitudes and domains in life, developmental needs and difficulties. Transmission of sexual abuse trauma to the next generation in a sense of Mother Complex constellation is discussed in relation to classical analytical psychology, contemporary analytical works and the results of scientific researches.
The Cultural Denial of Sexual Slavery
Gabriel Cavaglion
The School of Social Work and the Dept. of Criminology,
Ashkelon Academic College, Israel
Every year about 3000 women, mostly from former Soviet Union, are smuggled into Israel to work as prostitutes. Most of them are sold at public auctions for as much as $10,000 and forced to work up to 18 hours a day. On average the women receive only three percent of the money they earn from prostitution. Many are raped and beaten, and kept against their will in extreme conditions of isolation and confinement with no access to health care. Assault and rape are common ways of keeping "employees" in line in this
business, and the only way a woman will leave this "industry" is if she comes to attention of the local authorities who will arrest and deport her, penniless and traumatized, back to her country.
This paper deals with the cultural macro-denial of female sexual slavery in Israel. It will discuss how the phenomenon is hidden from the public gaze, normalized, contained and
covered up by social agencies, such as civil servants and politicians, the law enforcement system and the press. The denial is based on a narrative which designates women
as "others" (not Jewish women from foreign countries), criminal or immoral individuals, and as the natural property of male domination.
In particular we will discuss the process of literal denial, i.e. the assertion that sexual slavery is not happening or is not true ("it couldn't have happened without us knowing", "we didn't notice anything") and of the interpretive denial, i.e. the giving a different meaning to what seems apparent to others ("what is happening is not really coercion, violence, rape or slavery", "they are not prostitutes, they are sex employees", "these women knew what they were going to do", "they deserve it").
Download Draft Conference Paper - 
Rape as a Weapon of War: The Long Term
Effects on Victims and Society
Cassandra
Clifford
Stop Modern Slavery, Washington, DC / Foreign Policy Association, New York, NY, USA
The theme of this conference will be on 'Violence, Victims and Others -Understanding violence by understanding the impact it has on its victims.' The paper studies the use of rape as a tool of war, including the short and long term effects it has on the individual, as well as the societal and political future of a country. The paper will looks at the following key questions: Does rape as a tool of war leave a country with less chance of a solid and stable political future? What are the long term effects on the society as a whole? What are the ongoing effects of stigmatizing, victims, including a look into the effects of marriages among victims. This will also entail looking at the inequality and gender discrimination women face in times of war, including social exclusion, and how this symbolic form of violence affects that marginalization in the future and in times of peace. What promotes an individual to use rape as a tool of war, and what are key motivating factors? What function does rape have in modern day warfare, and how does it compare in a historical perspective? The paper concludes with recommendations on for more in depth analysis and studies on primary and secondary victims, as well as the rapist. These recommendations lead into how to work towards a sustainable end to the use of rape as a weapon of war.
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